Введение прикорма: от А до Я

Первый год жизни ребенка – самый важный, это период, когда закладывается здоровье, привычки, характер. Огромную роль при этом играет  грамотное введение прикорма. Прикормом считается небольшое количество пищи, которое ежедневно дают малышу начиная с 4-6 месячного возраста.Считается, что детям, которые находятся на грудном вскармливании, несообразно вводить прикорм ранее полугодовалого возраста. Для малышей, находящихся на искусственном вскармливании прикорм начинают чуть раньше – в 4-5 месяцев.  Итак, с чего начать, чтобы новая пища была малышу не только в радость, но и на пользу?

Первое введение прикорма

Есть несколько способов определить, готов ли ваш ребенку к введению прикорма. Первое – малыш начинает живо интересоваться пищей взрослых, проявлять к ней всяческий интерес. Кроме того ребенок уже уверенно самостоятельно держит головку и сидит, совершает жевательные движения. Вы можете сами держать ребенка при кормлении, а когда он начнет уверенно сидеть самостоятельно, купить специальный стульчик для кормления, который поможет значительно облегчить процесс.


С чего начинать прикорм?

Относительно того, с чего начать прикорм, есть множество схем ввода прикормов. После шести месяцев грудное молоко или молочная смесь уже не способны обеспечить малыша всеми необходимыми для роста и развития веществами. 

В зависимости физического состояния малыша, его веса и роста определим первый прикорм. Это может быть каша или овощное пюре. Если малыш хорошо набирает в весе или опережает сверстников, начинаем с овощного пюре, если наоборот – каша. Для овощного пюре выбираем для начала один компонент, например, кабачок. Он легко усваивается, кроме того богат белками, углеводами, каротином, витаминами группы В, пектином, способствуют укреплению иммунитета. Готовим кабачок в пароварке и измельчаем при помощи блендера до состояния жидкого пюре. Прикорм начинаем с 1/3 чайной ложки, затем докармливаем молоком или смесью. Первый прикорм даем утром и на протяжении всего дня наблюдаем за реакцией. Если всё в порядке, на следующий день даем малышу уже ½ чайной ложки и таким образом постепенно в течение 7-10 дней доводим до возрастной нормы. Для первых овощных  прикормов хорошо подойдут такие овощи как кабачок, цветная капуста, брокколи. Для шести месячного ребенка возрастная норма – 150 гр овощного пюре в сутки.

Для первых каш выбираем кашки без глютена, т.к. это вещество детскому организму переваривать еще очень сложно, кроме того, глютен способен вызывать серьезную аллергию. Первые каши – это гречневая, рисовая и кукурузная. В шесть месяцев можно давать до 100 гр каши в день. Первый месяц после каждого кормления новой пищей, докармливаем малыша молоком или адаптированной смесью.

Когда вводить в рацион соки?

  • Всё больше источничников говорят о вреде раннего введения соков в рацион ребенка. Раньше соки являлись первым прикормом. Сейчас же всё больше исследований и фактов говорят против этого. У четырех месячного малыша соки способны вызывать аллергию, повышенное газообразование, а также другие проблемы с желудочно-кишечным трактом. Соки не способны доставлять в организм ребенка необходимые витамины и микроэлементы. Поэтом стоит отложить введение фруктовых соков в рацион малыша до 8-9 месяцев. До этого времени стоит заменить его на ненасыщенный компот из сушенных зеленых яблок или детскую воду, которая продается в аптеках.
  • По мере того как ребенок подрастает, следует менять консистенцию приготавливаемых пюре и каш, делать их менее жидкими и измельченными. В период прорезывания зубов начинаем радовать малыша детским печеньицем. Оно приятно массирует воспаленные десны и абсолютно безопасно, т.к. При попадании целого кусочка в рот мгновенно растворяется и превращается в кашку.
  • К 7-8 месяцам вводим в рацион ребенка мясо. Это исключительно важный этап. Для первого мясного прикорма подходят гипоаллергенные сорта такие как: индейка или кролик. Это мясо используют в диетическом питании. Даем, используя общие принципы: с утра, начиная с 1/3 чайной ложки. Мясо – исключительно важный продукт для малыша, но и достаточно тяжелый. Поэтому не стоит нарушать возрастные нормы. В восемь месяцев ребенку даем до 50 гр мяса, с овощами для лучшего усваивания.

ВНИМАНИЕ! Чувствуете одиночество? Теряете надежду найти любовь? Желаете наладить свою личную жизнь? Вы найдете свою любовь, если будете использовать одну вещь которая помогает Мэрилин Керро, финалистке трех сезонов Битвы Экстрасенсов.
Подробнее…

Основы педприкорма

Педагогический прикорм — довольно новое веяние. Большинству родителей близок педиатрический прикорм, о котором говорилось ранее в статье. Педприкорм заключается в том, что малышу дают продукты с родительского стола, только микродозами. Пища не измельчается, а дается сразу маленькими кусочками. Принято начинать педприкорм не ранее 5,5 месяцев с одного моно-продукта. Через два-три дня ребенку могут дать уже несколько моно-продуктов за раз. Ребенок приступает в трапезе только вместе с родителями, ест с маминой тарелки, специально для малыша не готовят пищу.

У такой системы прикорма много как минусов, так и плюсов. Ребенок быстрее учится жевать, глотать. Однако высок риск развития аллергии и сложно выяснить, на какой продукт она проявилась. Также первое время ребенок будет выталкивать кусочки пищи или закашливаться. Однако, не смотря ни на что, приверженцев такой системы прикорма с каждым годом становится всё больше.

Независимо от выбранной системы прикорма, необходимо соблюдать общие правила. Ведем дневник питания, хотя бы первый месяц. Записываем ежедневно все продукт, которыми кормим малыша, следим за реакцией. Так будет намного проще выявить проблемные продукты. Докармливаем грудным молоком или адаптированной молочной смесью. Не стоит кормить ребенка любой ценой. Он должен проявлять интерес к содержимому тарелки.

О введении прикорма при искусственном вскармливании читайте в статье Введение прикорма при искусственном вскармливании.

От того, как мама преподнесет ребенку первый прикорм, зависят дальнейшие отношения малыша с пищей. Главная цель – здоровый аппетит и интерес к еде.

Специально для LadySpecial.ru– OlgaVeli

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  7. They found that topics taking creatine had a major enchancment in verbal
    fluency but no important change in the different measures
    included. They did not report any results on the measures of temper included in the
    study, which included the HAM-D, Montgomery-Asberg Despair Ranking Scale (MADRS), and the Young Mania Rating
    Scale. Using 31P MRS, Kato et al. [129] discovered that
    [PCr] trended toward being decreased in euthymic subjects with a history of BD.
    They later demonstrated decrease [PCr] in subjects with BD
    kind II in comparison with controls, though no difference in [PCr] in topics with
    BD type I [154].
    Utilizing this, analysis was in a position to show mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with bipolar issues.
    These patients additionally suffered from an impaired vitality manufacturing
    [122], elevated ranges of lactate (hyperacidotic
    state) [123] and PCr concentration [114,124,125].
    Due To This Fact, it was assumed that creatine supplementation may enhance scientific
    outcome in circumstances of mitochondrial dysfunction.
    Creatine supplementation may be simpler when mixed with carbohydrates during
    the first few days of supplementation. Creatine is an amino acid derivative constructed from arginine, glycine and methionine.
    It is produced naturally by the physique within the kidneys, liver, and pancreas at a rate of about 1-2 grams/day.
    Creatine may also be obtained from food (particularly purple meat) and supplementation. Though creatine powder is considered one of the most studied dietary supplements, examine with your healthcare provider if you are
    also taking different drugs whereas consuming creatine powder.
    Your healthcare supplier can use urine samples to check creatinine levels and learn extra about your kidney
    health. If creatinine ranges stay excessive for an extended time frame, you could be more in danger for
    persistent kidney illness and kidney stones from the build-up of waste in your physique.

    ΔLa confirmed statistical equivalence beneath the placebo situation, however no variations or equivalence
    were observed for the creatine situation compared
    with baseline. The oxygen equivalent of lactate accumulation remained constant throughout all measurements.
    The 15-s work relative to FFM elevated slightly however didn’t attain statistical significance.
    Effect sizes, calculated as Cohen’s d, for varied situations
    are summarized in Table three.
    Leonard enjoys weight training, enjoying basketball and yoga,
    and likewise enjoys hiking. Choosing between Creatine Nitrate
    and Monohydrate comes down to your personal health targets and preferences.
    If you are looking for a pre exercise boost with enhanced absorption,
    Creatine Nitrate might be your go-to.
    While scanning the label, look out for an ‘NSF Licensed for Sport’
    or ‘Informed-Sport’ insignia, too. Both applications
    take a look at products for unsafe ranges of contaminants, prohibited
    substances, and masking agents, and their marking on a
    creatine package deal co-signs its purity, she provides.

    Regardless of your initial dosing method or what health
    or fitness benefits you seek, Bogden recommends the identical criteria for choosing a creatine supplement.
    Here’s a deeper dive into the compound’s benefits, when a loading section does and doesn’t make
    sense, and basic greatest practices for maximizing creatine’s benefits.
    If you’re significantly into fitness, you
    load your gym bag with protein bars, your barbells with weight plates,
    and your physique with creatine. Yet whereas just about each bodybuilder takes creatine to achieve
    a muscle-building advantage, not everybody agrees on the proper way to
    go about it.
    ATP is broken down by removing a phosphate, which turns it into adenosine diphosphate (two phosphates).
    To make more ATP, the muscle tissue must get the lacking third phosphate
    from someplace, rapidly. A healthcare provider can test your
    creatinine levels to evaluate the well being of your kidneys.
    For folks living with kidney disease, greater creatinine ranges
    may be a sign of worsening kidney perform. Your healthcare provider may also carry out a blood take
    a look at known as the GFR (glomerular filtration rate).

    Researchers did a examine on 10 patients with ischemic heart
    illness and frequent premature ventricular contractions.
    The outcomes show that the patients receiving creatinol-O-phosphate skilled a dramatically lowered incidence of premature ventricular
    contractions in comparability with one other substance (x).
    Finally, the Creatine HCL vs Monohydrate determination is determined by your health fashion. If cost
    is an element for you and you’re okay
    with a classical supplement approach, monohydrate supplements are a solid alternative.
    In Distinction To many other dietary supplements that
    require breaks to reset your body’s tolerance, creatine could be taken repeatedly without any problems.
    Nevertheless, when testing for statistical
    equivalence, we found equivalence only between the
    baseline and placebo circumstances, not between the baseline and creatine conditions.

    Creatine monohydrate doesn’t dissolve well in water, which causes
    stomach discomfort when taken in excessive doses. Kre-Alkalyn dissolves
    completely in the water, making it superior to creatine
    monohydrate dietary supplements. Creatine Monohydrate (CrM) is the most
    popular and broadly researched supplement
    ever produced. Since its introduction in 1993, thousands of people have turned to creatine as a supplement for enhancing muscle mass, power,
    and endurance. Creatine works by converting into creatine phosphate, which aids in replenishing
    ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules, that are thought-about the
    primary energy source in cells.
    Creatine was found in the 1830’s by French chemist Michel Eugene
    Chevruel as a naturally occurring part in meat.

    [3]  In humans, 95% of creatine is discovered in the skeletal muscle, with 5% unfold between the guts, mind,
    and gonads. Of the fraction contained in the muscle, about two-thirds is sure
    to inorganic phosphate to type phosphocreatine , and
    the opposite one-third exists as free creatine.
    Apart From overcoming the unwanted effects of creatine monohydrate, Kre-Alkalyn will increase
    VO2 Max. For 60 days, researchers divided 24 Olympic weightlifters into two teams and supplemented one with creatine monohydrate
    and Kre-alkalyn.
    The body avoids a dramatic drop in pH that might normally
    activate a process meant to guard muscle damage.

    The creatinol-O-phosphate complement acts as an intracellular buffer that prevents the drop in pH and thereby permits the body to continue putting the muscle tissue beneath stress.
    Over time, it showed up as a substitute for creatinol in nutritional
    supplements due to its capability to maintain anaerobic glycolysis.

    Creatine supplementation is doubtless certainly
    one of the most studied and effective ergogenic aids for athletes [1].
    The multifaceted mechanisms by which creatine exerts its helpful effect
    embody increasing anaerobic power capacity, decreasing protein breakdown, resulting in increased muscle mass and bodily
    performance [1]. While these well-recognized creatine results benefit the athlete, creatine may also serve as a potential scientific and therapeutic supplementary therapy to traditional medical interventions [2,three,4,5,6,7,eight,9,10].
    This work has elevated curiosity in creatine use as a nutritional strategy
    to assist keep functional and psychological capability
    and, as we age, scale back threat to continual disease, and/or function an adjunctive intervention to assist
    handle disease and/or promote restoration.
    Lengthy COVID is a persistent fatigue state after Sars-2-CoV-2
    infection [269,270]. Apparently, even asymptomatic sufferers exhibited raised biomarkers concerned in irritation and
    stress response [271]. Lengthy COVID, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Post Viral Fatigue
    Syndrome are believed to be the same entity [248,272].
    Supplementation of guadinioacteic acid, a precursor of creatine, was able to attenuate several features of fatigue in fibromyalgia sufferers [273].

    In combination of experimental findings in addition to these first promising scientific outcomes, creatine
    may be an important key in the rehabilitation strategy of CFS and Long COVID sufferers [274].
    Table 8 summarizes the out there literature on the
    effects of the creatine precursor GAA on continual fatigue and Post-COVID syndrome [274].
    Typical elements that lead to a disturbance in the cellular
    respiration are hypoxia, inflammation, viruses, mutations, oncogenes, age, radiation,
    and carcinogens [115].
    Creatine was capable of shield animal mind tissues from the apoptotic results of excitatory amino acids [213,214].
    Lastly, it was shown that Creatine stabilizes mPTP in rodent studies, thus defending mind tissue from apoptosis and cell death [67].
    Desk 5 presents a summary of the level of proof associated to creatine supplementation for traumatic
    and ischemic CNS injuries [205,206,207]. These authors reported a rise of ≈9% in MAOD and ≈8% in time-to-exhaustion following supplementation. However,
    although it’s a well-accepted measure of AC,
    MAOD does not allow for the isolated estimation of ePCr and
    has poor reliability (i.e., excessive limits of agreement).

    Given the big quantity of data supporting the
    effectiveness of creatine monohydrate, the HCl form can’t
    be beneficial as superior till the two have been compared in experiments.
    From the advantages of creatine for males, women, and even teenagers, to dosage and timing, here’s a full information to creatine supplements only for you.
    It is believed that creatine HCL has higher solubility and absorption than other forms of creatine.
    Leonard has been within the supplement house for over 20
    years, specializing in fitness dietary supplements
    and nutrition. Leonard appears on many podcasts, written over 100 articles about
    supplements and has studied diet, supplementation and bodybuilding.

    A variety of potential therapeutic benefits have also been advised in numerous scientific populations [11-17].
    Research have indicated that creatine monohydrate isn’t degraded throughout normal digestion and that almost 99% of
    orally ingested creatine is both taken up by tissues or excreted in urine [18-20].
    Further, no medically vital unwanted aspect effects have been reported in the literature [21-27].

    However, supplement manufacturers have continually
    launched newer forms of creatine into the marketplace [1].

    Other studies have shown that when in comparison with creatine monohydrate, Kre-alkalyn is superior to monohydrate and improves endurance, VO2 Max,
    and strength [R,R,R]. The potential advantages of creatine salts over CM embrace enhanced aqueous solubility and bioavailability which would minimize back their attainable gastrointestinal opposed results [63].
    The chance for new extra formulation similar to tablets or
    capsules is attention-grabbing for its therapeutic application as a result of its attributed higher dissolution kinetics and
    oral absorption compared to CM [63]. Nonetheless more full in vivo pharmaceutical evaluation of creatine salts are required to fully
    elucidate their potential advantages/disadvantages over the
    currently out there complement formulations.
    «Athletes or opponents looking for fast improvements could find loading useful, particularly earlier than an occasion or training cycle,» says Kuza.

    However first, it’s a compound that combines creatine
    with one molecule of water, hence the name «monohydrate.» Creatine
    itself is a naturally occurring substance present in muscle cells,
    which helps produce vitality during high-intensity train or heavy lifting.
    At its core, creatine will increase the provision of creatine phosphate in your muscle cells.
    This molecule is a key participant within the synthesis of
    adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is also recognized as the «energy currency» of the cell (Wu, S et al., 2022).

    Creatine phosphate donates a phosphate group to the depleted ADP (adenosine
    diphosphate), regenerating it again into ATP.
    This process boosts your capability to carry out at most intensity
    for a longer time frame. Creatine phosphate, also called phosphocreatine, is a naturally occurring substance inside our muscle cells.

    Entire body creatine retention was estimated by subtracting total urinary creatine excretion from complete supplemental creatine consumption over the 3-day interval.
    Results revealed that entire physique creatine retention over the 3-day loading
    interval was considerably greater in the low-dose d-Pinitol group in comparison to the group
    ingesting CM alone. Nevertheless, no differences had been seen between CM alone and CM with the
    higher dose of d-Pinitol (Fig. 12). The rationale for creatine supplementation throughout being pregnant is that the fetus depends upon placental switch of maternal creatine till late in pregnancy, and
    vital changes in creatine synthesis and excretion occur
    as being pregnant progresses [7,280]. Consequently, there’s an increased demand for
    and utilization of creatine during pregnancy.

    Contrary to initial logic, taking an enormous quantity of creatine does not lead
    to immense ATP storages that can offer you vitality to crush the most
    troublesome of workouts! [2] As Quickly As they’re saturated
    with creatine, taking even more creatine supplements will not make a difference.
    When creatine enters muscle cells it’ll kind creatine phosphate which is stored in your muscular
    tissues. Creatine phosphate will donate its phosphate group to ADP, allowing it to re-form ATP,
    and therefore make ATP obtainable for power donation once more.
    Nonetheless, using creatine phosphate will present a
    a lot sooner method to take action and will present
    greater stores of quick-release power that your muscle tissue
    can readily use all through your workout.

    References:

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  8. The best cable back workout routines are those that use a cable machine to promote efficient back energy and target as many muscle groups as potential.
    Pullovers are a protected train should you keep in mind
    to maintain up the right kind and don’t have any existing accidents.
    Consult with a physician before performing pullovers if
    you have injured joints or muscular tissues within the upper body.

    Too a lot weight forces different muscles
    to step in to assist, defeating this train’s supposed objective.
    Once you reach your max sets and reps for an train, increase the weight.
    Perform each workouts each week, doing one earlier in the week,
    and the other 48 to 72 hours after the first. When you cease having the flexibility to add reps, units, or weight,
    it may be a sign it is time to switch issues up. Plus, not many things in life are more satisfying than a well-defined chest and boulder shoulders, which is why this text focuses on a muscle-building chest and shoulders workout.
    Trust us, your muscle tissue will thank you for following a split that pairs the chest and
    shoulders collectively. In a exercise regimen, the chest and shoulder
    muscular tissues go collectively like peanut butter and
    jelly.
    After the heavy urgent, let’s isolate your pecs with the dumbbell fly.
    I like to train more vigorously when I’m bulking, however I love these workouts during times of maintenance.

    You can do Shoulder Day as soon as per week as part of a Bro Split or twice per week as a half of a shoulder specialization program.
    Dead hangs are a protected exercise for wholesome, uninjured individuals.

    You also can use a barbell for single-arm landmine rows and
    shrugs. You Will discover that lure exercises incessantly also target your rotator cuff muscular tissues, a gaggle of muscles that 
    are important for shoulder health. The cable reverse fly is an isolation train that focuses on coaching your scapular muscles.

    Since pull-ups deliver a solid exercise throughout a variety of muscle
    tissue, you’ll be able to embrace these 2-3 instances per week
    in your coaching schedule. One Other nice bodyweight train assured
    to hone your back muscle tissue is the chin-up, a preferred movement that can be leveraged to hit your chest, arms and
    abs as well. For occasion, the lat pulldown machine targets your latissimus dorsi, while the seated row machine focuses on your middle and upper back.

    He additionally varies his rep ranges to make certain that his muscular tissues are challenged in different methods and to advertise total
    muscle progress. He has a powerful physique with large muscular tissues and is understood for his dedication to coaching and his
    strict diet. Jeff has additionally designed a dedicated shoulder hypertrophy program for people who
    want to build sculpted and sizable delts. If you wish to put more tension on your upper traps, use a slim grip (a rope is right here) and row
    as excessive as you comfortably can. A good start
    line for newbies is three units of reps. Intermediate to superior lifters might opt for a rep range of
    6-8 reps. His specialty helps folks construct muscle to improve their power and general health, with purchasers together with school, skilled, and Olympic athletes.
    If you want us to maintain you updated on the most recent muscle-building research, methods, and workouts, we now have a free
    muscle-building publication.
    Whether you’re reaching up on a excessive shelf to seize a
    dish, getting laundry out of the dryer, or washing
    your hair within the shower, your shoulder muscles are hard at work.
    However when these muscle tissue aren’t strong, performing primary
    activities can turn into more difficult, even causing pain with movement.
    The rear delts typically get ignored, but face pulls convey them into
    the spotlight. This move balances shoulder growth, boosts posture, and adds
    depth to the upper back. Seated low rows strengthen the muscular tissues that attach to the scapula (shoulder blades) and elbows.
    Hinge ahead and grab the handles, pulling your
    shoulders again as you carry the load as a lot as the
    starting place.
    It is a variation of the shoulder or overhead press, 
    and it’s top-of-the-line workout routines
    for building dimension and strength. The Dumbbell Cuban Press is a compound train combining an exterior shoulder rotation with a dumbbell press, concentrating on the
    shoulders, rotator cuff, and upper back muscle tissue.

    Incline Y dumbbell raises are an excellent and easy-to-do shoulder stability exercise that targets each the rotator cuff muscular
    tissues and your mid and lower traps. Dumbbell lateral elevate is a straightforward
    but effective exercise that can help you goal the shoulders, particularly the lateral or middle
    deltoid muscular tissues. Analysis shows that
    the upright row is probably certainly one of the greatest exercises for 
    constructing shoulder power and stability. It activates all
    major shoulder areas, excelling for upper body stability and conditioning.
    Even if you’re not naturally endowed with a bone construction for broad
    shoulders, constructing greater delts will make your higher physique look
    impressive from every angle.
    First is the increased range of movement that comes from touching the ground.
    Plus, the pause on the floor takes the stretch reflex away making it tougher to row up.
    The deadstop row is nice for ironing out energy imbalances between sides, you’ll get additional
    core work too, and the ability to go heavier than different single-arm row variations.

    The fowl dog is a bodyweight exercise that looks elegant and
    is also very effective for coaching the abs muscles, lower back, and shoulder muscular tissues.
    The aspect plank is one of the best body weight exercises for strengthening the core and shoulder muscles.
    The Lateral Elevate Machine is a special piece of health
    club tools that helps isolate the deltoid muscles, especially the facet delt.

    References:

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